Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. Save. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Register for free, Home / There was a very real risk that he could form an alliance with other Catholic powers such as France and Spain and invade England. Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. 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Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. By instinct, Elizabeth was a The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. The early Tudors, 1485-1558 | Institute of Continuing Education (ICE) A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. 2) This war was not a success. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. 1589 | History of Parliament Online Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. - Leith blockade. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. These privateers also raided Spanish ships and attacked the treasure fleets that carried gold and silver from the Americas to Spain. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Edward VI - Wikipedia In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Elizabeth 1 - Foreign Policy - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. It had to deal with Irish . - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. . 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. How far do you agree with the view that Elizabeth remained single In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. Elizabeth I: Facts About The 'Virgin Queen', Daughter Of Anne Boleyn More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). 214 High Street, Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. VAT reg no 816865400. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. The new and updated summary of the British and American history The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. As such, I disagree with the statement. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. . 2. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. he could also overthrow her. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Apply for student finance without a bank account? Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. Born: 7 September 1533. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Company Reg no: 04489574. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack.