Not Indian-Americans, simply Americans. Around the same time, Nina Davuluri (who was crowned Miss America 2014) remarked, The fact that I am rooted in Indian culture helped me win [the] Miss America pageant.11. 39 This finding holds even if we use a binary measure of Indian American concentration, using a cut-off of two percent of a countrys population; drop outlier counties with unusually high concentrations of Indian Americans; control for the total number of households in a county; and control for a respondents place of birth. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Business Insider identified the country of origin of the largest group of foreign-born residents in each state. Of the 337,000 immigrants deported in 2018, some 44% had criminal convictions and 56% were not convicted of a crime. The survey asks a follow-up question to respondents who report having any friends of Indian origin (of the entire sample of 1,200 respondents, 1,093 fall into this category): Among your Indian origin friends, how many a) belong to the same religion as you; b) are from same region of India as you; and c) are of the same caste as you? The purpose of this question is to investigate whether Indian-origin social networks are internally homogenous or heterogeneous. 21 Chakravorty, Kapur, and Singh, The Other One Percent, table 4.4 and figure 4.14. The October 2020 IAAS study found that Indian Americans who identify as Democrats rate the Republican Party and former president Donald Trump very unfavorably.44 Republicans, for their part, view the Democrats, current President Joe Biden, and Vice President Kamala Harris in equally unfavorable terms. Among immigrants ages 5 and older, Spanish is the most commonly spoken language. Not all lawful permanent residents choose to pursue U.S. citizenship. Jonathan Kay is a nonresident research assistant in the Carnegie South Asia Program. The actual change is expected to come in 2055, when Asians will become the largest immigrant group at 36 percent, compared with Hispanics at 34 percent. The first table lists U.S. states and the District of Columbia by annual net domestic migration, while the second table lists U.S. states and the District of Columbia by annual net international migration. In fact, that is precisely what the data suggest (see figure 10). Third, caste discrimination is a surprisingly equal opportunity offense. Hispanics are also the nation's largest immigrant group and one of its fastest growing populations. My dad and mom told my brother and me that we came to America to be Americans. When it comes to online discussions of politics, 28 percent of U.S.-born citizens posted comments about political issues on an online forum, compared to 18 percent of foreign-born citizens and 14 percent of non-citizens. Tuesday, May 20, 2014 . How Do Indian Americans View India? The term net domestic migration describes the total number of people moving to a state from another state minus people moving to another state from that state. To produce the final data set, respondents were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, and education. Not only are Hindus less likely to report attending religious services, but they are also less likely to say that they pray. Of course, many Indian Americansirrespective of citizenshipremain tied to India thanks to direct family connections. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations. If one restricts attention to respondents aged twenty-five and older, nearly 80 percent have either a college or postgraduate degree (compared to 73 percent in the overall sample). Based on these portraits, here are answers to some key questions about the U.S. immigrant population. CORRECTION (Sept. 21, 2020): An update to the methodology used to tabulate figures in the chartAmong new immigrant arrivals, Asians outnumber Hispanicshas changed all figures from 2001 and 2012. 2 (2016): 283301. As the Baby Boom generation heads into retirement, immigrants and their children are expected to offset a decline in the working-age population by adding about 18 million people of working age between 2015 and 2035. Fifty-eight percent of Hindus respond in this way, while 48 and 46 percent of Muslims and Christians, respectively, report that their networks are comprised of those of the same religion. This is possibly a reflection of Indias current political climate. The major findings are briefly summarized below. There does appear to be some variation based on respondents religious identity (see figure 7). . Seventeen percent of U.S.-born citizens report attending a public meeting, while 12 percent of foreign-born citizens and 6 percent of non-citizens report doing so. 19 Chakravorty, Kapur, and Singh, The Other One Percent, table 2.2 and figure 2.4. Third, Christians are much more likely to report that hardly any or none of their Indian friends share their religion. 3 (2012): 405431; Matthew Levendusky and Neil Malhotra, Does Media Coverage of Partisan Polarization Affect Political Attitudes?, Political Communication 33, no. (Respondents can select multiple choices from a preselected menu of options, so the percentages in the figure do not add up to 100.). Nearly half (45%) of the nations immigrants live in just three states: California (24%), Texas (11%) and Florida (10%). We are grateful to Ashley Grosse, Alexander Marsolais, and their colleagues at YouGov for their help with the design and execution of the survey. These are not merely academic questions. 28 Dutt, The Specter of Caste in Silicon Valley; Jennifer Medina, Debate Erupts in California Over Curriculum on Indias History, New York Times, May 4, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/us/debate-erupts-over-californias-india-history-curriculum.html. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations in various states. The longer immigrants have lived in the U.S., the greater the likelihood they are English proficient. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to future growth in the countrys population. The largest immigrant group in the United States is the: Italians French Germans Irish Germans The second largest immigrant group to settle in this country is the: Italians French Germans Irish Italians By the time Greek people emigrated to this country, the demand for labor had decreased. Portuguese-born people comprise 11.5% of Rhode Island's foreign-born population. One possibility is that the person or persons engaged in caste discrimination could be from another South Asian country, where caste might be a meaningful marker of status and hold greater salience.50 Another possibility is that respondents interpret caste discrimination as a stand-in for other forms of discriminationon the basis of skin color or country of origin, for example. 75% of Minnesotas foreign-born residents are working, up from 70% a decade ago. Immigrants from Mexico have the lowest rates of English proficiency (34%), followed by those from Central America (35%), East and Southeast Asia (50%) and South America (56%). Thirty-one percent state that they feel more American than Indian and 19 percent state the conversethat they feel more Indian than American. Predictably, responses vary by place of birth (see figure 13). Kind to each other and to everyone else in your comments. 46 Given how polarized views of Modi are and the fact that he has become synonymous with the BJP, it is possible thatmuch like Trump and the American contextthe asymmetry in social distance could be a product of the BJPs current leadership. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It focuses on three issues: membership in Indian American organizations, divisions within the Indian American community (and the drivers of those divisions), and the role the Indian American community plays in U.S.-India relations. Washington, DC 20036-2103. RE: Indian Americans are now the second largest immigrant group in the US: With Due respect to All especially Asian Americans in this article, when many first generation Desi-Indians immigrated, the starting salary level for fresh undergraduates varied from USD $ 7000/ to 10000/ depending from state to state, and now the starting salary range between USD $ 60,000/ to may be 80,000/-. There were 10.5 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. in 2017, accounting for 3.2% of the nations population. Send a Message. Not surprisingly, of the non-U.S. citizen population, 88 percent of IAAS respondents claim Indian citizenship. Today, one in five Minnesota children is the child of an immigrant. Hover over a state to get the total foreign-born population and double click on a state to get top county estimates. One of the questions asks respondents what their country of birth is. 13Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India? The IAAS draws on a series of questions adapted from the political science literature in order to measure inter-group social distance in the Indian American community.42 Namely, the survey explores how Indian Americans feel about having close interactions with out-group members along two prominent cleavages: those who are of a different religion, or who carry a different partisan affiliation. Forty-seven percent of U.S.-born citizens report engaging in this activity, but 45 percent of foreign-born citizens and 41 percent of non-citizens did so as well. However, whereas the earlier data looked at political leaders and organizations, this section reviews interpersonal attitudes. Four percent have completed at least a junior college (two-year program) education, while 9 percent have completed some college. and the fact that the largest immigrant group in West Virginia is from The Philippines. 48 (2010): 99106. Indianof descentAmericans are taking over the country: you, my vice president [Kamala Harris, whose mother was born in India], my speechwriter, Vinay [Indian American Vinay Reddy]. Finally, Christians are more likely to self-identify as American without any hyphenation (9 percent versus 6 percent for Muslim and 4 percent for Hindus). Contributing financially to campaigns (14 percent), contacting an elected representative or government official (12 percent), and volunteering on a political campaign (9 percent) are less popular activities.36, As with civic engagement, U.S.-born citizens are the most engaged, followed by foreign-born citizens and non-citizens (see figure 15). The first time Mexicans did not make up the bulk of Border Patrol apprehensions was in 2014. The survey, drawing on both citizens and non-citizens in the United States, was conducted online using YouGovs proprietary panel of 1.8 million Americans and has an overall margin of error of +/- 2.8 percent. When it comes to discussing politics with family and friends, there are only small differences across citizenship status. Further methodological details can be found in Appendix A, along with a state-wise map of survey respondents. Want the news delivered straight to your inbox? Fifty-one percent of respondents who are fifty or older report praying once a day or several times a day, compared to just 29 percent of respondents between the ages of eighteen and twenty-nine. Then, click on a state to get the top 15 origin countries of immigrants residing in that state. Educational attainment varies among the nations immigrant groups, particularly across immigrants from different regions of the world. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Russias Growing Footprint in Africas Sahel Region, The Method Behind Putins New START Madness, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/03/04/remarks-by-president-biden-in-a-call-to-congratulate-the-nasa-jpl-perseverance-team-on-the-successful-mars-landing/, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCf6RE2L2FpvA6mny2Y_Xtof_zdJpFdC/view, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/Pop_Estimate/UnauthImmigrant/unauthorized_immigrant_population_estimates_2015_-_2018.pdf, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-11/how-big-tech-is-importing-india-s-caste-legacy-to-silicon-valley?sref=QmOxnLFz, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/07/13/new-lawsuit-shines-light-caste-discrimination-us-around-world/, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/opinion/caste-cisco-indian-americans-discrimination.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/nyregion/asian-hate-crimes.html, https://time.com/5800209/asian-american-census/, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/14/how-will-indian-americans-vote-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-82929, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states-2019, https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf, https://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/, https://www.pewforum.org/2021/01/14/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/us/debate-erupts-over-californias-india-history-curriculum.html, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697381/document, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/12/14/key-findings-about-voter-engagement-in-the-2020-election/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/17/which-party-is-more-to-blame-for-political-polarization-it-depends-on-the-measure/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/03/18/majorities-of-americans-see-at-least-some-discrimination-against-black-hispanic-and-asian-people-in-the-u-s/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/, https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/on-india-a-fracture-in-the-diaspora-101612878777662.html, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/13/the-power-of-indians-abroad/, https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/2016/05/02/evaluating-online-nonprobability-surveys/, https://today.yougov.com/topics/finance/articles-reports/2016/05/13/pew-research-yougov, https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results, http://www.asasrms.org/Proceedings/y2009/Files/303309.pdf. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Still others reject hyphenation entirely, preferring to be known simply as American. For instance, former Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal declared in 2015, I do not believe in hyphenated Americans. This final section examines how respondents relate to the Indian American community. Seventy percent state that they strongly or somewhat agree with the statement. In 2018, 3.6 million people in New York (18 percent of the state's population) were native-born Americans who had at least one immigrant parent. The results are shown in figure 22. From 2009 to 2020, immigrants of Asian descent outnumbered those of Hispanic descent in terms of race and ethnicity. Conversely, the larger the size of a group, the greater the likelihood of meeting someone from that group. Thirty percent of Congress supporters are not comfortable having close friends who support the BJP; this is double the share of BJP supporters who are uncomfortable having close friends who are Congress supporters. Seventy-three percent of respondents believe that Asian Americans who are not of Indian origin face more discrimination than Indian Americans. This population includes naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents (LPRs), certain legal nonimmigrants (e.g., persons on student or work visas), those admitted under refugee or asylee status, and persons illegally residing in the United States. Its findings are based on a nationally representative online survey of 1,200 Indian American residents in the United Statesthe 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey (IAAS)conducted between September 1 and September 20, 2020, in partnership with research and analytics firm YouGov. In both instances, roughly three-quarters of perpetrators were identified as non-Indians. Some 47% of immigrants living in the U.S. five years or less are proficient. To what extent do people of Indian origin encounter discriminatory behavioron what grounds and by whom? The survey asks respondents if they are a member of any Indian American organization or group, such as a cultural, regional, religious, caste, community, or school-based organization. Only 43 percent of IAAS respondents believe that Indian American is the term that best captures their background. Immigrants from Canada (96%), Oceania (82%), Europe (75%) and sub-Saharan Africa (74%) have the highest rates of English proficiency. Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield 4 Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield Geography. In that sense, the currents coursing their way through the Indian diaspora are perhaps reflective not only of broader developments in American society but alsoand perhaps even to a greater extentthe turbulence afflicting India. India tops that list in 21 states. By 2017, that number had declined by 1.7 million, or 14%. The remainder of the sample hails from a range of countries stretching from the United Kingdom to Trinidad & Tobago and Kenya. But how Indian Americans choose to deploy this influence remains an open question. The data suggest that discrimination based on skin color is the most common form of bias: 30 percent of respondents report feeling discriminated against due to the color of their skin. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 9, 2021, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800. Millions of people are polled annually as part of the American Community Survey by the U.S. Census Bureau to learn more . There are a host of plausible reasons why U.S.-born Indian Americans might report greater discrimination, including differences in social norms, greater awareness of discriminatory practices, or less fear of retaliation.48. Give Orange. The key takeaway is that Republicans are more comfortable having close friends who are Democrats than the converse (see figure 23). Online panels are not the same as traditional, probability-based surveys. South Korea 16,244. While this does not necessarily mean that two-thirds of Indian Americans are disconnected from their community, it does suggest that formal participation is somewhat limited. The examination of partisanship, in turn, further distinguishes between partisan support in India and in the United States.43. 43 The survey asks respondents how comfortable they would be having close friends from various backgrounds. The remaining 23 percent of the sample consists of immigrants residing in the United States who do not hold U.S. citizenship. The ordering in table 2 roughly corresponds with the map shown below. Respondents who support neither the BJP nor the Congresslisted as Otherappear more favorably inclined toward the Congress. The survey asks respondents whetherin the past one yearthey participated in any of four common methods of civic engagement: working with others in their community to solve a problem; performing voluntary community service without pay; attending a public meeting, such as for a school board or city council; or attending a protest march, demonstration, or rally. Share with Friends Add To Playlist. In order to be eligible to serve as a respondent for the IAAS, members of YouGovs panel must self-identify as a person of (Asian) Indian origin who resides in the United States. Chinese Americans are the largest Asian origin group in the U.S., making up 24% of the Asian population, or 5.4 million people. While caste is most commonly associated with Hinduism, caste hierarchies and caste self-identification are prevalent in most, if not all, of Indias major religions. Asian immigrants collectively comprised 28% of all immigrants by region of birth in 2018. 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW They are more likely to say they are very comfortable having Democratic than Republican friends, and three times as many say they would not be comfortable having close Republican friends than close Democratic friends. We bring the best out of every single solitary culture in the world here in the United States of America, and we give people an opportunity to let their dreams run forward.2. Existing research has found that among major Asian American communities, Indian Americansboth men and womenhave the highest rate of endogamy (the custom of marrying within ones community) in both the first and second generations, although there is a noticeable increase in marriage outside of the community among members of the second generation.21. Sixteen percent identify as a member of OBC and 1 percent each identify as Adivasi/Scheduled Tribe (ST) or Dalit/Scheduled Caste (SC). Self-identification also varies by religion. To measure interreligious social distance, the survey asks respondents how comfortable they would be having close friends that are Hindu or Muslim. While U.S.-born women gave birth to more than 3 million children that year, immigrant women gave birth to about 760,000. Whereas 53 percent of foreign-born Hindu Indian Americans affiliate with a caste group, 34 percent of U.S.-born Hindu Indian Americans do the same. Around 21 percent express no opinion either way. By 2055, Asian immigrants are expected to overtake Hispanics as the largest immigrant group in the United States. Foreign-born population by . Although Indian Americans born in the United States assess Indias present trajectory more critically than those born outside of the United Statesa finding the February 2021 IAAS study established 51the latter are somewhat more likely to blame religion (62 percent versus 55 percent) as well as political leadership (61 percent versus 48 percent). This section reviews respondents views on discrimination against Indian Americans. However, immigrants were just as likely as the U.S. born to have a bachelors degree or more (32% and 33%, respectively). Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. Indian Americans in this latter category are also more inclined to state that being Indian is somewhat or very unimportant to them.33 Respondents who identify as Republicans are also significantly less likely to place importance on the Indian-ness of their identity compared to Democrats or independents. These numbers are actually a lower bound of Indian Americans educational attainment. The label Indian origin itself masks variation in terms of ones place of birth. Other regions contributing smaller percentages of immigrants included the Middle East and North Africa (4%), sub-Saharan Africa (5%), South America (7%), Central America (8%), the Caribbean (10%), and as well as Europe, Canada and other North America (13%). From 2001 to 2018, a majority (60%) of immigrants deported have not been convicted of a crime. Among immigrants ages 5 and older in 2018, half (53%) are proficient English speakers either speaking English very well (37%) or only speaking English at home (17%). There is a separate table for the U.S. territories. For instance, do respondents feel more Indian than American, more American than Indian, equally Indian and American, or neither Indian nor American? 12 Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, How Will Indian Americans Vote? In eight states, Canadian immigrants made up the second-largest group, and in four states, the second-most common country of origin was the Philippines. Many respondents are between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five and, thus, are plausibly in the middle of their educational training.