Douglass labored throughout his postwar career to preserve and propagate this enlarged, moralized understanding among a war-weary loyalist population longing for reunion and a stable peace. Fair play meant at minimum that the nation must reject the alternatives of (1) re-enslavement, this time of the entire black American population; (2) colonization or expatriation; (3) persisting subordination of blacks as a degraded caste; and (4) outright extermination. Douglas removed his residual doubts by diving into the Warm Lake and swimming across to the other shore and back. 411, 414. Douglass gives detailed anecdotes of his and others experience with the institution of slavery to reveal the hidden horrors. Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. [36] The Present and Future of the Colored Race in America, May 1863, in Life and Writings, Vol. In August 1845, two months after his book was published, Douglass fled to Great Britain, where his speeches won him international fame. Evidence is sourced facts, statistics, data, or quoted experts the author uses to provide factual support for their claims and reasoning. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. -he wishes he could present a speech that was positive for the people. Create your account. This commitment not only appears in the Preamble, but also reflects a bedrock rule of legal interpretationa rule as old as law itself, Douglass observed, and grounded in the very nature of law, according to which a legal instrument must be construed strictly in favor of liberty and justice.[17], In Douglasss argument, these interpretive principles yielded powerfully anti-slavery results. . The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain.[19] Stronger still was his statement following the Dred Scott ruling: My hopes were never brighter than now. [1] Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. IV, p. 302. Dvidas? Not just, 'Because I said so.' For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. [60] Douglass, This Decision Has Humbled the Nation, in Douglass Papers, Vol. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. Writing before slaves were freed in the United States, Douglass' main objective in the Narrative is to dispel any notion that slavery is good for those enslaved. [38] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Slavery can be viewed as one of the greatest examples of immoral treatment towards African Americans in the United States alone. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. A claim is an argument in statement form. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. Such attention is properly directed toward, but also beyond, the icons of the recent era of reform. Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. He can no longer stand his new sense of education and knowledge. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? In the long history of AfricanAmerican political thought, there is no more forceful proponent of the cause of integration than Douglass, and there is no more insightful analyst of the varieties and dangers of national and racial disintegration. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. Due to this criticism, he had to mask much of his work with irony. Once again, that hopefulness was grounded primarily in his appreciation of the unique virtue of Americas beginning; first things are always interesting, he liked to say,[10] and most of all in the case of a new nation dedicated to universal principles of justice. A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. I feel like its a lifeline. Cliquestrickland and jones funeral home obituaries. Frederick Douglass In an essay or speech that presents an argument, the author often addresses counterclaims, or arguments made by opponents. I was a man now.[9]. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. Whereas Douglass from the outset called urgently and insistently for the Civil Wars prosecution as an abolition war, Lincoln saw in such a course of action only a self-destructive rashnessa premature radicalizing of the war, most likely to result in the disaffection of vital allies and, ultimately, the catastrophic failure of the Union cause. [59] Douglass, African Civilization Society, February, 1859, in Life and Writings, Vol. mount shasta missing persons; kevin russell facebook; what is secretary of state number ct; Doubts arose as to whether so skilled an orator could ever have been a slave, and Douglass responded by writing his first autobiography. In order for evidence to be reliable, it must come from a credible source that is current, nonbiased, provides researched sources, and (preferably) peer-reviewed. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. How did Frederick Douglass learn to read? In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass [7] I develop this argument at length in Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2008). His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Douglass found solid reasons for believing what he repeatedly affirmed throughout the decade, as in his Dred Scott speech: I base my sense of the certain overthrow of slavery, in part, upon the nature of the American Government, the Constitution, the tendencies of the age, and the character of the American people. When you're planning an argument, you need to know what the counterclaim might be so that you can make sure that you disprove it with your reasons and evidence. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. In his successive responses to these developments, Douglass expressed not despair but rising hopefulness. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. In addition to using Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, writing teachers may also be interested in these related articles:Why Use an Essay Counterclaim?,Where to Put the Essay Counterclaim, andWhat is the Essay Counterclaim? V, p. 625. Here, where universal suffrage is the ruleto rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us.[38], This was no merely abstract consideration. In the detective show, evidence is usually physical - like DNA or fingerprints. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. The power of education was also a key argument in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, but it was not an argument with a consistent meaning. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. But the final, unimpeachable confirmation of Lincolns anti-slavery commitment came for Douglass in August 1864, when the President, fearing that a demoralized electorate would soon force a premature end to the war, summoned Douglass to the White House to discuss a covert scheme for liberating as many as possible in the meantime. In Stevenss plan, lands belonging to the former Confederate states and their soldiers would be deemed forfeited and then distributed in parcels of 40 acres as homesteads to the freedpeople. ALL Shopping Rod. Frederick Douglass devoted his singular 54-year career of public advocacy to the grand, mutually inseparable causes of the liberation and elevation of his fellow black Americans and the racial and moral integration of America. This is her first step from being a kind-hearted woman with generous tendencies to harnessing her natural instincts and instead becoming cruel. These will speak for him. [8] The reader interested in a fuller account of Douglasss life should begin by reading Douglasss autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855); and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; expanded 1892). I hope you win your next argument! Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. In fact, weve already writtenour argumentative essays on whether Phoebe was a good friend to Sal. Of course the writing prompt is a bit more complex. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). To the contrary, among such commentators there appears to be a growing consensus that, despite its important victories, the civil rights movement must be judged as on the whole a failure. Key Items Necessary: 1 - Transition. John W. Blassingame and John R. McKivigan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 19791992), p. 430 (hereinafter Douglass Papers). God and nature speak to our manhood and manhood alone.[58]. 364365. So he labored on in those years, cherishing the memory of Lincoln in part for his own, personal reasons and calling his fellow citizens also to venerate the Great Emancipator that they might be bound ever more firmly to the great cause for which he and so many loyal citizens had died: to bring forth out of the terrible war a renewed nation, reconceived in liberty and rededicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. With the election of the first Republican President in 1860, Douglasss hopeful predictions would soon be vindicated, but this was not what he initially expected of an Abraham Lincoln Administration. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his position? [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? Another way to organize the body of the essay is to spend two paragraphs discussing reasons and providing evidence for support and using the third body paragraph to address a counterclaim. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. 4. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. Children would be separated from their mothers before they were twelve months in age-Frederick too was separated from his mother. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. Accessed 4 Mar. Frederick. Argumentative Writing - ELA.8.C.1.3: Write to argue a position, supporting at least one claim and rebutting at least one counterclaim with logical reasoning, credible evidence from sources . 2 - Evidence. V, pp. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. The hook should be on-topic and supportive of the author's argument. jim preston mchenry, il obituary. What does Frederick Douglass mean when he says "Bread of Knowledge"? Latest answer posted September 30, 2016 at 3:50:30 PM. Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe pre-eminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. It is an effort to cast out Satan by Beelzebub. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. I, ed. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. The specific nature of slaverys worst wrongs, however, suggested a more definite approach. The climactic reversal in his youth came when he resolved to resist, and successfully resisted, a cruel slavemasters attempt to whip him. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. Again in contrast to more radical critics in his day and our own, Douglass insisted that these persisting abuses by the class of former slaveholders constituted clear violations, not legitimate applications and not refutations, of the natural right of property. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. Open Document. Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. For a standard 5-paragraph essay, the introduction is one paragraph and contains the thesis statement, or overall claim for the essay. Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. In response, Garrison intensified his calls for the dissolution of the American Union, while influential black abolitionists urged blacks to surrender their hopes in America and emigrate. In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. In a standard, five-paragraph argumentative essay, there are three sections, each with their own components. However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. safeguard properties lawsuit 2017; syl johnson chad ochocinco father The counterclaim is the opposite argument which the author addresses in order provide a rebuttal. IV, p. 68. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader's understanding of His story, an instant best seller, succeeded in confirming his veracity, but at the cost of attracting greatly intensified attention from fugitive slavecatchers. One is that slavery was an institution that corrupted whites and robbed (or attempted to rob) blacks of their humanity. Neither do we address you as enemies, (although the recipients of innumerable wrongs); but in the spirit of patriotic good will. In The Blessings of Slavery, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slaves for the most part are the freest and happiest people in the world. Various options can be effective: 1. The KansasNebraska Act reversed a federal prohibition of slavery within those two territories, thus betraying the principles of the Declaration by making moral indifference to slavery the guiding principle of federal policy and prompting an alarmed Abraham Lincoln to return to electoral politics. This deep, Lockean insight, which he shared, once again, with Americas Founders, moved Douglass to defend the natural right of property against errors and attacks from divergent positions. This latter, of course, was the position of Lincoln and of the moderate center of the Free Soil and Republican parties during the 1850s. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. IV, p. 459. IV, p. 63. Rebecca Simon is an ELA and social studies Master Teacher. He had finally conquered his fear of water. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. Douglass describes this memory as the "blood-stained gate" through which he entered slavery, and he is struck throughout at how the institution made tyrants of whites. work!!! In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. In other words, rather than attempting to restore what slavery took from its victims in actual or potential acquirements of wealth and status, governments should secure opportunities and lend support for the freedpeoples own efforts in self-improvement and self-elevation. An effective argumentative essay addresses what the other side might say and explains why that point of view is wrong. Worst of all was Dred Scott, in which the nations highest court endorsed the pro-slavery, white-supremacist reading propagated by both the Constitutions Garrisonian enemies and slaverys most determined defenders. but his relative moderation in this proposal is certainly in keeping with his classical-liberal respect for property rights, along with his longtime concern to sustain and strengthen a spirit of virtuous self-reliance among black Americans. Aside from all the, Patrick Henry once said, give me liberty, or give me death. In the eyes of Frederick Douglass and countless others enslaved, this took on a much deeper meaning to them. Frederick Douglass autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave offers a depiction of slavery like very few before him, from his firsthand accounts. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM. The standard format for an argumentative essay is as follows: An effective argument contains all of the necessary components (claim, reasons, evidence, counterclaims) while keeping the intended audience in mind. in Professional Writing and Rhetoric from the University of New Orleans and a B.A. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. After providing the thesis in the introduction, the author then spends the entire essay working to prove that claim through sub-claims (the central claim broken down into smaller chunks), reasoning, and evidence. a) the regulation of business protected consumers. A good conclusion for an argumentative essay should address at least one of the following: What implications does the argument have for various stakeholders? The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. In this respect, what is notable in Douglasss advocacy of education reforms is that whereas he justified them primarily as the payment of a debt due specifically to those formerly enslaved and their relationsspecifically to black Americanshe proposed the payment of that debt by a policy framed in nonracial terms, designed to benefit Americans irrespective of race. He taught them through all their hardships to love their country and their future in it. 7282. Frederick Douglass, J. M. Whitfield, H. O . From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. Explain. But it was upon becoming the editor of his own paper that his mind truly quickened. A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. It was doubtful liberty at most, and almost certain death is we failed. [51] Frederick Douglass was one of the most commonly known slaves to have existed.